non lactose fermenting gram negative rods treatment

GNB are among the bacteria that exhibit remarkable levels and varying mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and are the most common causative agents of infectious diseases. The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing concern in clinical settings, which challenges effective prevention and treatment of several bacterial infections caused by MDR GNB. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are important bacterial pathogens that constitute a “clear and present danger” to public health worldwide. The high level of antibiotic resistance of GNB, especially by NLFE and NSF-GNB, portends great danger for the health sector as these organisms are opportunistic pathogens and pose serious health risks as nosocomial pathogens and community-acquired pathogens in immunosuppressed individuals. Multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter species was 53.2%, 100%, and 93.3%, respectively. About 73% (95/129) of the total GNB had MARI above 0.2. The mean of the total MARI was 0.45 ± 0.26, with 54.3% (70/129) of isolates having MARI above the total mean. were the most resistant to fluoroquinolones. was the most resistant to all other carbapenems, except ertapenem. rubidaea was susceptible to all other antibiotics. Except for ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and gentamicin, S. stuartii isolates were twice as resistant to the carbapenems as Proteus spp. stuartii to cephalosporins, quinolones, and tigecycline. coli showed, on average, higher resistance levels to carbapenems compared with K. pneumoniae to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline was 50%, 44%, and 13% compared with E. Resistance profiles of LFE to tested antibiotics showed comparable resistance levels for ceftriaxone and tetracycline between K. Resistance of all isolates to tigecycline, a member of a new class of antibiotics, was 31% (40/129) however, all isolates of E. About 65% of LFE and 95.5% of non-lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (NLFE) showed resistance to tetracycline. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that tetracycline was the least effective with 71.3% of isolates showing resistance. (14), Providencia stuartii (4), and Serratia rubidaea (4). Non-lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae comprised Proteus spp. (15), Burkholderia cepacia (3), and one isolate each of Tatumella ptyseos, Alcaligenes faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. There were 50 non-sugar-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NSF-GNB) comprising Pseudomonas spp. The lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (LFE) were the most predominant isolates (32 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 25 Escherichia coli). Results:Ī total of 129 non-repetitive GNB were isolated and categorized by their ability to ferment sugars. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel Package 2016 and GraphPad Prism version 6. Multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARIs) for each isolate were calculated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Gram stain procedure was used to determine the Gram reaction of isolates and identification was carried out using the Microbact 24E GNB identification kit.

Samples were inoculated onto CLED agar and selenite-F broth, respectively, and enriched bacterial growth in selenite-F broth was subcultured on deoxycholate citrate agar. Urine and stool samples of 600 randomly selected participants were analyzed. This study was aimed at evaluating antibiotic resistance profiles of GNB from clinical samples in Cross River State, Nigeria. This is fast becoming a serious public health concern as these bacteria display multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Resistance of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) to antimicrobial agents is increasing worldwide.

Non lactose fermenting gram negative rods treatment